HB288

Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2023

118th Congress

Vote date: Jan 11, 2023

HB288, the Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2023, authorizes courts to review agency actions de novo, deciding all relevant legal questions without deference to agency interpretations of constitutional, statutory, or agency rules and guidance.

State link Source PDF

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez

Nay

Mike Johnson

Yea

SECTION 02

Model Responses

#MODELVOTEALIGNSRECORDEDMODEL IDREASON

AionLabs: Aion-1.0

aion labs

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMaion-labs/aion-1.0

AionLabs: Aion-1.0-Mini

aion labs

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMaion-labs/aion-1.0-mini

Amazon: Nova Lite 1.0

amazon

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMamazon/nova-lite-v1

Amazon: Nova Micro 1.0

amazon

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMamazon/nova-micro-v1

Amazon: Nova Pro 1.0

amazon

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMamazon/nova-pro-v1

Anthropic: Claude 3 Haiku

Anthropic

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 3:02 PManthropic/claude-3-haiku

Anthropic: Claude 3.5 Haiku

Anthropic

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PManthropic/claude-3.5-haiku

Anthropic: Claude 3.5 Sonnet

Anthropic

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PManthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet

Anthropic: Claude 3.7 Sonnet

Anthropic

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PManthropic/claude-3.7-sonnet

Anthropic: Claude 3.7 Sonnet (thinking)

Anthropic

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PManthropic/claude-3.7-sonnet:thinking

Anthropic: Claude Opus 4

Anthropic

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PManthropic/claude-opus-4

Anthropic: Claude Sonnet 4

Anthropic

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PManthropic/claude-sonnet-4

Baidu: ERNIE 4.5 300B A47B

baidu

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMbaidu/ernie-4.5-300b-a47b

Bytedance: UI-TARS 72B (free)

Bytedance

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMbytedance-research/ui-tars-72b:free

Claude 3 Opus

Anthropic

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PManthropic/claude-3-opus

Claude 3 Sonnet

Anthropic

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PManthropic/claude-3-sonnet

Claude v2

Anthropic

-UnknownFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PManthropic/claude-2

No reason

Claude v2.0

Anthropic

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PManthropic/claude-2.0

Claude v2.1

Anthropic

-UnknownFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PManthropic/claude-2.1

No reason

Codex Mini

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/codex-mini

Command

Cohere

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMcohere/command

Command R+

Cohere

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMcohere/command-r-plus

DeepHermes 3 Mistral 24B Preview (free)

Nous

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMnousresearch/deephermes-3-mistral-24b-preview:free

DeepSeek Prover V2

DeepSeek

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMdeepseek/deepseek-prover-v2

Deepseek R1 0528 Qwen3 8B

DeepSeek

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-0528-qwen3-8b

Deepseek R1 0528 Qwen3 8B (free)

DeepSeek

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-0528-qwen3-8b:free

DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3

DeepSeek

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMdeepseek/deepseek-chat

DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3 0324

DeepSeek

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMdeepseek/deepseek-chat-v3-0324

DeepSeek: R1

DeepSeek

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1

DeepSeek: R1 0528

DeepSeek

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-0528

DeepSeek: R1 0528 (free)

DeepSeek

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-0528:free

DeepSeek: R1 Distill Llama 70B

DeepSeek

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-llama-70b

DeepSeek: R1 Distill Qwen 32B

DeepSeek

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-qwen-32b

Devstral Small 2505

Mistral

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMmistralai/devstral-small-2505

Dobby Mini Plus Llama 3.1 8B

SentientAGI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:02 PMsentientagi/dobby-mini-unhinged-plus-llama-3.1-8b

Dolphin 2.9.2 Mixtral 8x22B 🐬

Cognitive Computations

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMcognitivecomputations/dolphin-mixtral-8x22b

EVA Qwen2.5 72B

EVA-UNIT-01

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMeva-unit-01/eva-qwen-2.5-72b

Gemini 1.5 Pro

Google

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMgoogle/gemini-pro-1.5

Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite Preview 06-17

Google

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-flash-lite-preview-06-17

Gemini 2.5 Flash Preview 04-17

Google

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:55 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-flash-preview

Gemini 2.5 Flash Preview 05-20

Google

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-flash-preview-05-20

Gemini 2.5 Flash Preview 05-20 (thinking)

Google

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-flash-preview-05-20:thinking

GLM 4 32B

THUDM

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMthudm/glm-4-32b

GLM Z1 32B

THUDM

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMthudm/glm-z1-32b

Goliath 120B

alpindale

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMalpindale/goliath-120b

Google: Gemini 2.0 Flash

Google

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMgoogle/gemini-2.0-flash-001

Google: Gemini 2.5 Flash

Google

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-flash

Google: Gemini 2.5 Pro

Google

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-pro

Google: Gemini 2.5 Pro Preview 05-06

Google

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-pro-preview-05-06

Google: Gemini 2.5 Pro Preview 06-05

Google

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-pro-preview

Google: Gemma 2 27B

Google

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMgoogle/gemma-2-27b-it

Google: Gemma 2 9B

Google

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMgoogle/gemma-2-9b-it

Google: Gemma 3 12B

Google

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMgoogle/gemma-3-12b-it

Google: Gemma 3 27B

Google

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMgoogle/gemma-3-27b-it

Google: Gemma 3 4B

Google

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMgoogle/gemma-3-4b-it

Google: Gemma 3n 4B (free)

Google

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMgoogle/gemma-3n-e4b-it:free

GPT-4 32k (older v0314)

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMopenai/gpt-4-32k-0314

GPT-4.5 (Preview)

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/gpt-4.5-preview

Grok 2 1212

xAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:55 PMx-ai/grok-2-1212

Grok Beta

xAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMx-ai/grok-beta

Hunyuan A13B Instruct (free)

Tencent

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMtencent/hunyuan-a13b-instruct:free

Kimi Dev 72B (free)

MoonshotAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMmoonshotai/kimi-dev-72b:free

Llama 3.1 Sonar 70B Online

Perplexity

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMperplexity/llama-3.1-sonar-large-128k-online

Llama 3.3 8B Instruct (free)

Meta

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.3-8b-instruct:free

Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1

NVIDIA

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMnvidia/llama-3.3-nemotron-super-49b-v1

Lumimaid v0.2 70B

NeverSleep

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMneversleep/llama-3.1-lumimaid-70b

Magistral Medium 2506

Mistral

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmistralai/magistral-medium-2506

Magistral Medium 2506 (thinking)

Mistral

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMmistralai/magistral-medium-2506:thinking

Magistral Small 2506

Mistral

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMmistralai/magistral-small-2506

Magnum v4 72B

anthracite org

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PManthracite-org/magnum-v4-72b

Mercury Coder Small Beta

Inception

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMinception/mercury-coder-small-beta

Meta: Llama 3 70B Instruct

Meta

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMmeta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct

Meta: Llama 3.1 405B Instruct

Meta

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.1-405b-instruct

Meta: Llama 3.1 70B Instruct

Meta

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.1-70b-instruct

Meta: Llama 3.1 8B Instruct

Meta

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct

Meta: Llama 3.2 1B Instruct

Meta

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.2-1b-instruct

Meta: Llama 3.2 3B Instruct

Meta

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.2-3b-instruct

Meta: Llama 3.3 70B Instruct

Meta

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.3-70b-instruct

Meta: Llama 4 Maverick

Meta

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMmeta-llama/llama-4-maverick

Meta: Llama 4 Scout

Meta

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmeta-llama/llama-4-scout

Microsoft: Phi 4

microsoft

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmicrosoft/phi-4

Midnight Rose 70B

sophosympatheia

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMsophosympatheia/midnight-rose-70b

MiniMax M1 (extended)

MiniMax

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMminimax/minimax-m1:extended

MiniMax: MiniMax M1

minimax

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMminimax/minimax-m1

Mistral Large

Mistral

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMmistralai/mistral-large

Mistral: Devstral Medium

Mistral

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMmistralai/devstral-medium

Mistral: Devstral Small 1.1

Mistral

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmistralai/devstral-small

Mistral: Ministral 8B

Mistral

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMmistral/ministral-8b

Mistral: Mistral Medium 3

Mistral

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmistralai/mistral-medium-3

Mistral: Mistral Nemo

Mistral

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmistralai/mistral-nemo

Mistral: Mistral Small 3.1 24B

Mistral

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmistralai/mistral-small-3.1-24b-instruct

Mistral: Mistral Small 3.2 24B

Mistral

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMmistralai/mistral-small-3.2-24b-instruct

Mistral: Saba

Mistral

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMmistralai/mistral-saba

Moonlight 16B A3B Instruct (free)

Moonshot AI

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMmoonshotai/moonlight-16b-a3b-instruct:free

MoonshotAI: Kimi K2 0711

moonshotai

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMmoonshotai/kimi-k2

NVIDIA: Llama 3.1 Nemotron 70B Instruct

nvidia

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMnvidia/llama-3.1-nemotron-70b-instruct

NVIDIA: Llama 3.1 Nemotron Ultra 253B v1

nvidia

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMnvidia/llama-3.1-nemotron-ultra-253b-v1

o1-mini (2024-09-12)

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMopenai/o1-mini-2024-09-12

o1-preview

OpenAI

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMopenai/o1-preview

100

OpenAI: GPT-3.5 Turbo 16k

OpenAI

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMopenai/gpt-3.5-turbo-16k

101

OpenAI: GPT-4 Turbo

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMopenai/gpt-4-turbo

102

OpenAI: GPT-4.1

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMopenai/gpt-4.1

103

OpenAI: GPT-4.1 Mini

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMopenai/gpt-4.1-mini

104

OpenAI: GPT-4.1 Nano

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/gpt-4.1-nano

105

OpenAI: GPT-4o (2024-05-13)

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMopenai/gpt-4o-2024-05-13

106

OpenAI: GPT-4o (2024-08-06)

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMopenai/gpt-4o-2024-08-06

107

OpenAI: GPT-4o (2024-11-20)

OpenAI

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMopenai/gpt-4o-2024-11-20

108

OpenAI: GPT-4o-mini (2024-07-18)

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

109

OpenAI: o1

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMopenai/o1

110

OpenAI: o1-pro

OpenAI

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMopenai/o1-pro

111

OpenAI: o3 Mini

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMopenai/o3-mini

112

OpenAI: o3 Mini High

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/o3-mini-high

113

OpenAI: o4 Mini

OpenAI

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/o4-mini

114

OpenAI: o4 Mini High

OpenAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/o4-mini-high

115

Perplexity: Sonar

perplexity

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMperplexity/sonar

116

Perplexity: Sonar Pro

perplexity

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMperplexity/sonar-pro

117

Perplexity: Sonar Reasoning Pro

perplexity

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:55 PMperplexity/sonar-reasoning-pro

118

Phi 4 Reasoning Plus

Microsoft

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMmicrosoft/phi-4-reasoning-plus

119

Phi-3 Medium 128K Instruct

Microsoft

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMmicrosoft/phi-3-medium-128k-instruct

120

Qwen 2 72B Instruct

Qwen

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMqwen/qwen-2-72b-instruct

121

Qwen: Qwen-Max

Qwen

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMqwen/qwen-max

122

Qwen: Qwen3 14B

Qwen

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMqwen/qwen3-14b

123

Qwen: Qwen3 235B A22B

Qwen

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMqwen/qwen3-235b-a22b

124

Qwen: Qwen3 30B A3B

Qwen

NayAOCFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMqwen/qwen3-30b-a3b

125

Qwen: Qwen3 32B

Qwen

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMqwen/qwen3-32b

126

Qwen: Qwen3 8B

Qwen

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMqwen/qwen3-8b

127

Qwen: QwQ 32B

Qwen

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMqwen/qwq-32b

128

Qwen2.5 72B Instruct

Qwen

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMqwen/qwen-2.5-72b-instruct

129

R1 1776

Perplexity

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMperplexity/r1-1776

130

R1 Distill Llama 8B

DeepSeek

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-llama-8b

131

R1 Distill Qwen 1.5B

DeepSeek

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-qwen-1.5b

132

R1 Distill Qwen 7B

DeepSeek

-UnknownFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-qwen-7b

No reason

133

Sarvam-M (free)

Sarvam AI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMsarvamai/sarvam-m:free

134

Sonar Reasoning

Perplexity

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMperplexity/sonar-reasoning

135

Typhoon2 70B Instruct

SCB 10X

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMscb10x/llama3.1-typhoon2-70b-instruct

136

Typhoon2 8B Instruct

SCB 10X

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMscb10x/llama3.1-typhoon2-8b-instruct

137

WizardLM-2 8x22B

microsoft

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMmicrosoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b

138

xAI: Grok 3

xAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMx-ai/grok-3

139

xAI: Grok 3 Beta

xAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMx-ai/grok-3-beta

140

xAI: Grok 3 Mini

xAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMx-ai/grok-3-mini

141

xAI: Grok 3 Mini Beta

xAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMx-ai/grok-3-mini-beta

142

xAI: Grok 4

xAI

YeaJohnsonFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMx-ai/grok-4

142 RESPONSES