HB288

Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2023

118th Congress

Vote date: Jan 11, 2023

HB288, the Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2023, authorizes courts to review agency actions de novo, deciding all relevant legal questions without deference to agency interpretations of constitutional, statutory, or agency rules and guidance.

State link Source PDF

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez

Not recorded

Mike Johnson

Not recorded

SECTION 02

Model Responses

#MODELVOTEALIGNSRECORDEDMODEL IDREASON

AionLabs: Aion-1.0

aion labs

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMaion-labs/aion-1.0

AionLabs: Aion-1.0-Mini

aion labs

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMaion-labs/aion-1.0-mini

Amazon: Nova Lite 1.0

amazon

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMamazon/nova-lite-v1

Amazon: Nova Micro 1.0

amazon

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMamazon/nova-micro-v1

Amazon: Nova Pro 1.0

amazon

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMamazon/nova-pro-v1

Anthropic: Claude 3 Haiku

Anthropic

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:02 PManthropic/claude-3-haiku

Anthropic: Claude 3.5 Haiku

Anthropic

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PManthropic/claude-3.5-haiku

Anthropic: Claude 3.5 Sonnet

Anthropic

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PManthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet

Anthropic: Claude 3.7 Sonnet

Anthropic

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PManthropic/claude-3.7-sonnet

Anthropic: Claude 3.7 Sonnet (thinking)

Anthropic

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PManthropic/claude-3.7-sonnet:thinking

Anthropic: Claude Opus 4

Anthropic

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PManthropic/claude-opus-4

Anthropic: Claude Sonnet 4

Anthropic

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PManthropic/claude-sonnet-4

Baidu: ERNIE 4.5 300B A47B

baidu

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMbaidu/ernie-4.5-300b-a47b

Bytedance: UI-TARS 72B (free)

Bytedance

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMbytedance-research/ui-tars-72b:free

Claude 3 Opus

Anthropic

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PManthropic/claude-3-opus

Claude 3 Sonnet

Anthropic

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PManthropic/claude-3-sonnet

Claude v2

Anthropic

-UnknownFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PManthropic/claude-2

No reason

Claude v2.0

Anthropic

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PManthropic/claude-2.0

Claude v2.1

Anthropic

-UnknownFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PManthropic/claude-2.1

No reason

Codex Mini

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/codex-mini

Command

Cohere

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMcohere/command

Command R+

Cohere

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMcohere/command-r-plus

DeepHermes 3 Mistral 24B Preview (free)

Nous

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMnousresearch/deephermes-3-mistral-24b-preview:free

DeepSeek Prover V2

DeepSeek

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMdeepseek/deepseek-prover-v2

Deepseek R1 0528 Qwen3 8B

DeepSeek

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-0528-qwen3-8b

Deepseek R1 0528 Qwen3 8B (free)

DeepSeek

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-0528-qwen3-8b:free

DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3

DeepSeek

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMdeepseek/deepseek-chat

DeepSeek: DeepSeek V3 0324

DeepSeek

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMdeepseek/deepseek-chat-v3-0324

DeepSeek: R1

DeepSeek

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1

DeepSeek: R1 0528

DeepSeek

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-0528

DeepSeek: R1 0528 (free)

DeepSeek

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-0528:free

DeepSeek: R1 Distill Llama 70B

DeepSeek

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-llama-70b

DeepSeek: R1 Distill Qwen 32B

DeepSeek

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-qwen-32b

Devstral Small 2505

Mistral

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMmistralai/devstral-small-2505

Dobby Mini Plus Llama 3.1 8B

SentientAGI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:02 PMsentientagi/dobby-mini-unhinged-plus-llama-3.1-8b

Dolphin 2.9.2 Mixtral 8x22B 🐬

Cognitive Computations

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMcognitivecomputations/dolphin-mixtral-8x22b

EVA Qwen2.5 72B

EVA-UNIT-01

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMeva-unit-01/eva-qwen-2.5-72b

Gemini 1.5 Pro

Google

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMgoogle/gemini-pro-1.5

Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite Preview 06-17

Google

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-flash-lite-preview-06-17

Gemini 2.5 Flash Preview 04-17

Google

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:55 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-flash-preview

Gemini 2.5 Flash Preview 05-20

Google

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-flash-preview-05-20

Gemini 2.5 Flash Preview 05-20 (thinking)

Google

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-flash-preview-05-20:thinking

GLM 4 32B

THUDM

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMthudm/glm-4-32b

GLM Z1 32B

THUDM

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMthudm/glm-z1-32b

Goliath 120B

alpindale

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMalpindale/goliath-120b

Google: Gemini 2.0 Flash

Google

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMgoogle/gemini-2.0-flash-001

Google: Gemini 2.5 Flash

Google

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-flash

Google: Gemini 2.5 Pro

Google

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-pro

Google: Gemini 2.5 Pro Preview 05-06

Google

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-pro-preview-05-06

Google: Gemini 2.5 Pro Preview 06-05

Google

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMgoogle/gemini-2.5-pro-preview

Google: Gemma 2 27B

Google

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMgoogle/gemma-2-27b-it

Google: Gemma 2 9B

Google

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMgoogle/gemma-2-9b-it

Google: Gemma 3 12B

Google

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMgoogle/gemma-3-12b-it

Google: Gemma 3 27B

Google

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMgoogle/gemma-3-27b-it

Google: Gemma 3 4B

Google

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMgoogle/gemma-3-4b-it

Google: Gemma 3n 4B (free)

Google

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMgoogle/gemma-3n-e4b-it:free

GPT-4 32k (older v0314)

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMopenai/gpt-4-32k-0314

GPT-4.5 (Preview)

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/gpt-4.5-preview

Grok 2 1212

xAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:55 PMx-ai/grok-2-1212

Grok Beta

xAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMx-ai/grok-beta

Hunyuan A13B Instruct (free)

Tencent

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMtencent/hunyuan-a13b-instruct:free

Kimi Dev 72B (free)

MoonshotAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMmoonshotai/kimi-dev-72b:free

Llama 3.1 Sonar 70B Online

Perplexity

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMperplexity/llama-3.1-sonar-large-128k-online

Llama 3.3 8B Instruct (free)

Meta

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.3-8b-instruct:free

Llama 3.3 Nemotron Super 49B v1

NVIDIA

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMnvidia/llama-3.3-nemotron-super-49b-v1

Lumimaid v0.2 70B

NeverSleep

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMneversleep/llama-3.1-lumimaid-70b

Magistral Medium 2506

Mistral

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmistralai/magistral-medium-2506

Magistral Medium 2506 (thinking)

Mistral

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMmistralai/magistral-medium-2506:thinking

Magistral Small 2506

Mistral

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMmistralai/magistral-small-2506

Magnum v4 72B

anthracite org

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PManthracite-org/magnum-v4-72b

Mercury Coder Small Beta

Inception

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMinception/mercury-coder-small-beta

Meta: Llama 3 70B Instruct

Meta

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMmeta-llama/llama-3-70b-instruct

Meta: Llama 3.1 405B Instruct

Meta

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.1-405b-instruct

Meta: Llama 3.1 70B Instruct

Meta

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.1-70b-instruct

Meta: Llama 3.1 8B Instruct

Meta

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct

Meta: Llama 3.2 1B Instruct

Meta

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.2-1b-instruct

Meta: Llama 3.2 3B Instruct

Meta

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.2-3b-instruct

Meta: Llama 3.3 70B Instruct

Meta

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMmeta-llama/llama-3.3-70b-instruct

Meta: Llama 4 Maverick

Meta

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMmeta-llama/llama-4-maverick

Meta: Llama 4 Scout

Meta

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmeta-llama/llama-4-scout

Microsoft: Phi 4

microsoft

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmicrosoft/phi-4

Midnight Rose 70B

sophosympatheia

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMsophosympatheia/midnight-rose-70b

MiniMax M1 (extended)

MiniMax

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMminimax/minimax-m1:extended

MiniMax: MiniMax M1

minimax

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMminimax/minimax-m1

Mistral Large

Mistral

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMmistralai/mistral-large

Mistral: Devstral Medium

Mistral

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMmistralai/devstral-medium

Mistral: Devstral Small 1.1

Mistral

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmistralai/devstral-small

Mistral: Ministral 8B

Mistral

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMmistral/ministral-8b

Mistral: Mistral Medium 3

Mistral

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmistralai/mistral-medium-3

Mistral: Mistral Nemo

Mistral

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmistralai/mistral-nemo

Mistral: Mistral Small 3.1 24B

Mistral

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMmistralai/mistral-small-3.1-24b-instruct

Mistral: Mistral Small 3.2 24B

Mistral

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMmistralai/mistral-small-3.2-24b-instruct

Mistral: Saba

Mistral

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMmistralai/mistral-saba

Moonlight 16B A3B Instruct (free)

Moonshot AI

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMmoonshotai/moonlight-16b-a3b-instruct:free

MoonshotAI: Kimi K2 0711

moonshotai

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMmoonshotai/kimi-k2

NVIDIA: Llama 3.1 Nemotron 70B Instruct

nvidia

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMnvidia/llama-3.1-nemotron-70b-instruct

NVIDIA: Llama 3.1 Nemotron Ultra 253B v1

nvidia

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMnvidia/llama-3.1-nemotron-ultra-253b-v1

o1-mini (2024-09-12)

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMopenai/o1-mini-2024-09-12

o1-preview

OpenAI

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMopenai/o1-preview

100

OpenAI: GPT-3.5 Turbo 16k

OpenAI

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMopenai/gpt-3.5-turbo-16k

101

OpenAI: GPT-4 Turbo

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMopenai/gpt-4-turbo

102

OpenAI: GPT-4.1

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMopenai/gpt-4.1

103

OpenAI: GPT-4.1 Mini

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMopenai/gpt-4.1-mini

104

OpenAI: GPT-4.1 Nano

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/gpt-4.1-nano

105

OpenAI: GPT-4o (2024-05-13)

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMopenai/gpt-4o-2024-05-13

106

OpenAI: GPT-4o (2024-08-06)

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMopenai/gpt-4o-2024-08-06

107

OpenAI: GPT-4o (2024-11-20)

OpenAI

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMopenai/gpt-4o-2024-11-20

108

OpenAI: GPT-4o-mini (2024-07-18)

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18

109

OpenAI: o1

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMopenai/o1

110

OpenAI: o1-pro

OpenAI

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMopenai/o1-pro

111

OpenAI: o3 Mini

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMopenai/o3-mini

112

OpenAI: o3 Mini High

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/o3-mini-high

113

OpenAI: o4 Mini

OpenAI

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/o4-mini

114

OpenAI: o4 Mini High

OpenAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMopenai/o4-mini-high

115

Perplexity: Sonar

perplexity

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMperplexity/sonar

116

Perplexity: Sonar Pro

perplexity

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMperplexity/sonar-pro

117

Perplexity: Sonar Reasoning Pro

perplexity

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:55 PMperplexity/sonar-reasoning-pro

118

Phi 4 Reasoning Plus

Microsoft

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMmicrosoft/phi-4-reasoning-plus

119

Phi-3 Medium 128K Instruct

Microsoft

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMmicrosoft/phi-3-medium-128k-instruct

120

Qwen 2 72B Instruct

Qwen

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMqwen/qwen-2-72b-instruct

121

Qwen: Qwen-Max

Qwen

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMqwen/qwen-max

122

Qwen: Qwen3 14B

Qwen

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMqwen/qwen3-14b

123

Qwen: Qwen3 235B A22B

Qwen

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMqwen/qwen3-235b-a22b

124

Qwen: Qwen3 30B A3B

Qwen

NayNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMqwen/qwen3-30b-a3b

125

Qwen: Qwen3 32B

Qwen

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMqwen/qwen3-32b

126

Qwen: Qwen3 8B

Qwen

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMqwen/qwen3-8b

127

Qwen: QwQ 32B

Qwen

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMqwen/qwq-32b

128

Qwen2.5 72B Instruct

Qwen

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMqwen/qwen-2.5-72b-instruct

129

R1 1776

Perplexity

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMperplexity/r1-1776

130

R1 Distill Llama 8B

DeepSeek

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-llama-8b

131

R1 Distill Qwen 1.5B

DeepSeek

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-qwen-1.5b

132

R1 Distill Qwen 7B

DeepSeek

-UnknownFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMdeepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-qwen-7b

No reason

133

Sarvam-M (free)

Sarvam AI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMsarvamai/sarvam-m:free

134

Sonar Reasoning

Perplexity

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:56 PMperplexity/sonar-reasoning

135

Typhoon2 70B Instruct

SCB 10X

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMscb10x/llama3.1-typhoon2-70b-instruct

136

Typhoon2 8B Instruct

SCB 10X

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:57 PMscb10x/llama3.1-typhoon2-8b-instruct

137

WizardLM-2 8x22B

microsoft

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:01 PMmicrosoft/wizardlm-2-8x22b

138

xAI: Grok 3

xAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMx-ai/grok-3

139

xAI: Grok 3 Beta

xAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMx-ai/grok-3-beta

140

xAI: Grok 3 Mini

xAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:59 PMx-ai/grok-3-mini

141

xAI: Grok 3 Mini Beta

xAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 2:58 PMx-ai/grok-3-mini-beta

142

xAI: Grok 4

xAI

YeaNeitherFeb 13, 2026, 3:00 PMx-ai/grok-4

142 RESPONSES